Gastos ambientais dependem de folga financeira? Estudo longitudinal no Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17524/repec.v16i3.3135Keywords:
Restrição financeira, Gastos ambientais, StakeholdersAbstract
Objetivo: Examinar se nas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto os gastos ambientais são influenciados pela folga financeira.
Método: A amostra reuniu 53 empresas listadas na B3, com gastos ambientais realizados no período 2008-2018, totalizando 308 observações. Além dos gastos ambientais, tratados como medida dependente, o construto folga financeira atua como medida independente, sob três enfoques (caixa e disponibilidades, fluxo de caixa operacional e capacidade de dispêndios/investimentos – KZ index). Foram feitas estimações por Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS), com controle de efeitos fixos por setor e ano, além de outras medidas de controle. Empregou-se a defasagem temporal.
Resultados: Os resultados principais comprovaram que a folga financeira baseada no caixa e nas disponibilidades afeta negativamente os gastos ambientais, sendo essa relação algo persistente. Constatou-se ainda que a folga financeira baseada na medida abrangente do índice de Kaplan e Zingales (1997) afeta positivamente os gastos ambientais, sem relação de persistência.
Contribuições: A pesquisa traz implicações pertinentes para a literatura e para o contexto das empresas, ao evidenciar como a folga financeira pode interferir na predisposição da firma para realizar dispêndios de natureza ambiental. Sugere-se, assim, uma correlação entre a condição financeira da empresa e o aporte de recursos na dimensão corporativa ambiental.
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