Risk Management in Brazilian Federal Universities: An Evaluation Focused on Achieving Strategic Objectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17524/repec.v19.e3803Keywords:
Risk Management, Internal Control Systems, Managerial Control Systems, Brazilian Federal Universities, Strategic ObjectivesAbstract
Purpose: To analyze how risk management can be structured to support performance in achieving strategic objectives in Brazilian federal universities.
Method: Data from 35 federal universities were analyzed using Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA).
Results: The identified configurations revealed key factors associated with high performance in achieving strategic objectives, particularly in larger federal universities. These include the establishment of a formal structure—through the adoption of an implementation plan and/or risk management methodology—, risk management maturity, alignment of internal control systems, and the use of managerial control systems to support risk management. The findings suggest that, in some of the institutions investigated, risk management is integrated into organizational activities, interacts with existing control systems, and operates as a governance mechanism oriented toward the achievement of strategic goals.
Contributions: The study offers relevant insights by employing a configurational approach to explore the relationship between risk management and performance, providing practical recommendations while highlighting the complexity and non-linearity of implementation processes and their reliance on dynamic interactions with institutional control systems.
Translation
This article is a translation in English of the article:
Gestão de riscos em universidades federais brasileiras: uma avaliação com enfoque no alcance de objetivos estratégicos
References
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Hughes, O. (2017). Public management: 30 years on. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(6-7), 547-554.
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Al-Subari, S. N. A., Ruslan, R. B., & Zabri, S. B. M. (2020). Determine the Enterprise Risk Management Factors Affecting the Performance of Malaysian Technical University Network (MTUN). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344015457
Alvarenga, F. de O. & Ohayon, P. (2021). Eficiência relativa de universidades federais brasileiras nas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Contabilidade Vista & Revista, 32(2), p. 59-96. doi: 10.22561/cvr.v32i2.5963.
Alves, G. F., Neto, W. L., Coli, M. C., Bermejo, P. H. D. S., Sant’Ana, T. D., & Salgado, E. G. (2017). Perception of enterprise risk management in Brazilian higher education institutions. In Information Systems: 14th European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern Conference, EMCIS 2017, Coimbra, Portugal, September 7-8, 2017, Proceedings 14 (pp. 506-512). Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-65930-5_40
Andersen, T. J., & Sax, J. (2019). Strategic risk management: A research overview. Strategic Risk Management: A Research Overview (pp. 1–112). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429456381
Arena, M., Arnaboldi, M., & Palermo, T. (2017). The dynamics of (dis)integrated risk management: A comparative field study. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 62(65-81). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2017.08.006
Araújo, A., & Gomes, A. M. (2021). Gestão de riscos no setor público: desafios na adoção pelas universidades federais brasileiras. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 32(86), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202112300
Araújo, J.G.R, & Callado, A. L. C. (2022). Concepção e Implementação de Práticas de Gestão de Riscos: Uma Análise em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior Brasileira. Revista Contabilidade, Gestão e Governança, 25(esp), 308-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.51341/cgg.v25iesp.2872
Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT. (2018). ABNT NBR ISO 31000:2018 Gestão de Riscos: Princípios e Diretrizes. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT.
Beasley, M., Branson, B., & Pagach, D. (2015). An analysis of the maturity and strategic impact of investments in ERM. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 34(3), 219–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2015.01.001
Betarelli, A. A., Jr., & Ferreira, S. D. F. (2018). Introdução à análise qualitativa comparativa e aos conjuntos Fuzzy (fsQCA). Enap. https://repositorio.enap.gov.br/handle/1/3333
Bracci, E., Tallaki, M., Gobbo, G., & Papi, L. (2021). Risk management in the public sector: a structured literature review. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 34(2), 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-02-2020-0049
Carmona, P., Fuentes, C. D., & Ruiz, C. (2016). Risk disclosure analysis in the corporate governance annual report using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 56(3), 342-352. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=155146199006
Christopher, J. & Sarens, G. (2015). Risk Management: Its Adoption in Australian Public Universities within an Environment of Change Management – A Management Perspective. Australian Accounting Review, 25, 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12057
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the treadway comission – COSO. (2013). Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the treadway Comission, Tradução: PriceWatherhouseCoopers e Instituto dos Auditores Internos do Brasil.
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the treadway comission – COSO. (2017). Enterprise Risk Management - Integrated Framework. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the treadway Comission, Tradução: PriceWatherhouseCoopers e Instituto dos Auditores Internos do Brasil.
Decreto nº 9.203, de 22 de Novembro de 2017. (2017). Dispõe sobre a política de governança da administração pública federal direta, autárquica e fundacional. Recuperado em 1 abril, 2019, de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/D9203.htm
De Paula, P. P.; Santos, C. D. & Couto, F. F. (2023). Organizational survival of technology-based enterprises after incubation: a qualitative comparative explanation. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 25(4), p.498-515. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v25i4.4247
Dourado, L. F. (2019). Estado, educação e democracia no Brasil: retrocessos e resistências. Educação & Sociedade, 40. https://doi.org/10.1590/ES0101-73302019224639
Felício, T., Samagaio, A., & Rodrigues, R. (2021). Adoption of management control systems and performance in public sector organizations. Journal of Business Research, 124, 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.069
Fiss, P. C. (2007). A set-theoretic approach to organizational configurations. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1180-1198. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586092
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados (6a ed.). Porto Alegre: Bookman
Hinna, A. Scarozza, D., & Rotundi, F. (2018) Implementing Risk Management in the Italian Public Sector: Hybridization between Old and New Practices. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(2), 110-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1255959
Huber, M. (2011). The risk university: Risk identification at higher education institutions in England. CARR Discussion Papers (DP 69). Centre for Analysis of Risk and Regulation, London School of Economics and Political Science. Recuperado de http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/38891
Hughes, O. (2017). Public management: 30 years on. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(6-7), 547-554.
International organization of supreme audit institutions - INTOSAI. (2007) Guidelines for Internal Controls Standards for the Public Sector - Further Information on Entity Risk Management - INTOSAI GOV 9130.
Instrução Normativa conjunta CGU/MP Nº 01, de 10 de maio de 2016. (2016). Dispõe sobre controles internos, gestão de riscos e governança no âmbito do Poder Executivo federal. Recuperado de https://repositorio.cgu.gov.br/handle/1/33947
Invernizzi, D. C., Locatelli, G., Brookes, N., & Davis, A. (2020). Qualitative comparative analysis as a method for project studies: The case of energy infrastructure. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 133, 110314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110314
Jemaa, F. (2022). Recoupling work beyond COSO: A longitudinal case study of enterprise-wide risk management. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 103, 101369.
Khaw, T.Y. & Teoh, A.P. (2023). Risk management in higher education research: a systematic literature review. Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 296-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-04-2022-0097
Klein, V. H. Jr., (2020). Gestão de riscos no setor público brasileiro: uma nova lógica de accountability? Revista De Contabilidade E Organizações, 14, e163964. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-6486.rco.2020.163964
Kominis, G., Dudau, A., Favotto, A., & Gunn, D. (2022). Risk governance through public sector interactive control systems: The intricacies of turning immeasurable uncertainties into manageable risks. Public Money & Management, 42(6), 379-387.
Legewie, N. (2013). An introduction to applied data analysis with qualitative comparative analysis. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 14(3), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-14.3.1961
Mahama, H., Elbashir, M., Sutton, S., & Arnold, V. (2020). New development: Enabling enterprise risk management maturity in public sector organizations. Public Money and Management, 42 (6), 403-407. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1769314
Marcelino. C.V. (2019). Sistema de controle gerencial: o papel das alavancas de controle no capital psicológico e seus impactos na satisfação no trabalho e no comprometimento organizacional. Tese de Doutorado. Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, FEA-USP, São Paulo, 2019. https://doi.org/10.11606/T.12.2019.tde-03042019-170519
Marx, A., Rihoux, B., & Ragin, C. (2014). The origins, development, and application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis: the first 25 years. European Political Science Review, 6(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773912000318
Medeiros, A. L., Trombini, M. M. S. L., & dos Santos Júnior, D. P. (2020). Gestão de riscos como instrumento de integração entre a estratégia e os processos operacionais: o caso de uma universidade pública. Revista Observatório, 6(6), a15pt-a15pt.
Mikes, A. (2009). Risk management and calculative cultures. Management Accounting Research, 20(1), 18–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2008.10.005
Mikes, A., & Kaplan, R.S. (2013). Towards a Contingency Theory of Enterprise Risk Management. AAA 2014 Management Accounting Section (MAS) Meeting Paper, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2311293
Nunes, N. T. S., Correia, D. M. M. C., Nascimento, R. S., & Gomes, A. M. (2022). Influência da Gestão de Riscos sobre a eficiência da gestão acadêmica nas Universidades Federais brasileiras. XLVI Encontro da ANPAD. 2177-2576 versão onlin. EnANPAD. Recuperado de https://anpad.com.br/uploads/articles/120/approved/0e79548081b 4bd0df3c77c5ba2c23289.pdf
Palermo, T. (2014) Accountability and Expertise in Public Sector Risk Management: A Case Study. Financial Accountability & Management, 30 (3), 322-341. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12039
Pereira, A. A. S., Rahmat, A. K., Khatibi, A., & Azam, S. M. F. (2020). Review of literature: implementation of enterprise risk management into higher education. International Journal of Education and Research, 8(10), 155-172.
Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning social inquiry: fuzzy sets and beyond. University of Chicago Press.
Rana, T., Wickramasinghe, D., & Bracci, E. (2019). New development: integrating risk management in management control systems-lessons for public sector managers. Public Money & Management, 39(2), 148-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1580921
Secchi, L. (2009). Modelos organizacionais e reformas da administração pública. Revista de administração pública, 43, 347-369.
Sidorenko, A., & Demidenko, E. (2017). Guide to Effective Risk Management 3.0, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN: 1542865980. Recuperado de https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3014251#paper-references-widget
Simons, R. (1995). Levers of control: how managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Soin, K., Huber, C., & Wheatley, S. (2014). Management control and uncertainty: Risk Management in Universities. In Management control and uncertainty, 178-192. Palgrave Macmillan, London. DOI: 10.1057/9781137392121_12
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2025-12-01
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Araújo, J. G. R. de, Callado, A. L. C., & Bomfim, E. T. do. (2025). Risk Management in Brazilian Federal Universities: An Evaluation Focused on Achieving Strategic Objectives. Journal of Education and Research in Accounting (REPeC), 19. https://doi.org/10.17524/repec.v19.e3803
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